An outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea awd has to date claimed the lives of 17 people with the number of people affected rising from 3,442 to 6,409 in the oromiya. Ethiopia response for acute watery diarrhea outbreak in. After months of prevention and response activities by the government of ethiopia, the world health organization who and other partners, the acute watery diarrhea awd outbreak in somali region is showing signs of decline. Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated factors among under. Prevalence and determinants of acute diarrhea among. In early june, government of ethiopia goe health authorities confirmed the first acute watery diarrhea cases in the capital city of addis ababa since january 2016. Community engagement contributes to control of acute. Diarrhea is responsible for 17% of all deaths approximately 2. Treating cholera in severely malnourished children in the. Humanitarian situation reports, response plans, news, analyses, evaluations, assessments, maps, infographics and more on ethiopia. Diarrhea refers to unusually loose or watery stools. M ang em tof cu w at erydi h dehydration is the most common complication of acute watery diarrhea in children. Ethiopia has declared an outbreak of acute watery diarrhea, also known as awd, in the countrys somali region, where people are already struggling to cope with a persistent drought. The effectiveness bundling of zinc with oral rehydration.
The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and to understand the management of acute diarrhoea. An outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea awd has to date claimed the lives of 17 people with the number of people affected rising from 3,442 to 6,409 in the oromiya region of southern ethiopia as at 2 august 2006. Acute bloody diarrhea dysentery is a medical emergency that warrants serious medical investigation for patients of all ages. In collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center. Pdf epidemiology of acute watery diarrhea outbreak and. Regardless of the reason for the diarrhea, your child must be watched care. Diarrhea can have a detrimental impact on childhood growth and cognitive development 4. Intensified risk communication, effective surveillance, and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene wash and case management contributed to the decline.
Diarrhea technical working group members from ehnri, regional. This translates to over 1,300 young children dying each day, or about 480,000 children a year, despite the availability of simple effective treatment. Usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, diarrhea varies in severity from mild to lifethreatening. These problems were exacerbated by the high levels of chronic food insecurity affecting at least 8 million people.
Ethiopia response for acute watery diarrhea outbreak in moyale town 12 april 2016 moyale town and surrounding kebeles a kebele is the smallest unit of local government and can best be regarded as a municipality, a neighbourhood, a localized and delimited group of people or ward have been affected with acute watery diarrhea awd since 7. Preparedness and response to acute watery diarrhoea. Ethiopia declares another diarrhea outbreak voice of. Irrational use of antibiotics in treatment of acute diarrhoea is common in clinical practice worldwide. Ehnri would like to thank, all the members of the acute watery. Watery diarrhea caused by organisms other than vibrio cholerae is usually self.
A massive outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea is sweeping through doolo zone, in ethiopias somali region, exacerbated by one of the worst droughts in 30 years. Without sufficient clean water, many have been forced to use untreated water sources, often resulting in the spread of acute watery diarrhoea. A total of 39 344 clinical cases, with 801 deaths, were attributed to awd. Prevalence of diarrhea and associated factors among under.
Diarrhoea is a leading killer of children, accounting for approximately 8 per cent of all deaths among children under age 5 worldwide in 2017. Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea and causes about 40% of hospitalizations for diarrhea in children under 5 7. It is the worlds largest humanitarian organization and its millions of volunteers are active in over 185 countries. There was an acute watery diarrhea awd outbreak in gambella region in april.
Ethiopia executive summary in 2006, ethiopia was affected by a range of humanitarian crises, including the horn of africa drought, flooding, and acute watery diarrhea awd. Of all child deaths from diarrhea, 78 % occur in the africa and southeast asia. Why is the acute watery diarrhea in ethiopia attaining. Validating joint external evaluation reports with the. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of antibiotic use for acute. Ep2007000142eth 30 august 2007 the federations mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. The control and prevention can be achieved through effect curative, preven tive, promotive and rehabilitative services 5. Many health centres have been overwhelmed by the suddenness of the outbreak. For health staff, treating patients for acute watery diarrhoea without sufficient supplies of water is a major challenge. Affected woredas include haro maya and jarso in east hararghe zone and uraga, shakiso and adola in guji zone oromia and dara and bona zuria in sidama zone. To date, cases have been concentrated in oromiya, somali, and southern nations, nationalities, and peoples snnp regions since the outbreak began in december 2015. There are 811,555 refugees in ethiopia unhcr, february 2017 hrd, january 2017. It is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children under the age of five in developing countries.
Treatment with empirical antimicrobials is recommended only for dysenteric and invasive bacterial diarrhoea. Many childrens lives can be saved with correct management of childhood diarrhea. The outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea awd is identified as starting 112017 as an index case was not identified. Humanitarian interventions in ethiopia responding to acute watery. Children under five years of age are the most vulnerable, where 745 million to 1. Most importantly, burden of diarrhea is disproportionately high among underfive children. Among children younger than 5 years, each year diarrhea kills around 760,000 children and causes 1. The aim was to rapidly investigate the outbreak epidemiologically and guiding. West arsi acute watery diarrhoea followup assessment report assessment team members dr. Too many children are not receiving adequate care for diarrhea in highburden subsaharan african countries, even among those seen in health facilities. Facts about common acute watery diarrhoea awd outbreaks 10. Acute watery diarrhea awd ethiopia this report is based on information received from ocha ethiopia. Affected woredas include haro maya and jarso in east hararghe zone and uraga, shakiso and adola in guji zone oromia and dara and bona zuria in.
Populations in yemen, south sudan, somalia, and ethiopia are experiencing starvation and concurrent outbreaks of confirmed or suspected cholera acute watery diarrhoea awd. Is defined as having three or more loose or watery stools in 24 h, as. The global disease detection programme of cdc stopped following the outbreak as it wound down after 2372017. Thousands hit by outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea. The majority of the cases 85 cases and both deaths were reported from oromia. Surveys conducted among underfive children in ethiopia revealed five diarrheal episodes per child per year 2 3 4. Ethiopia acute watery diarrhea outbreaks posted in acute watery diarrhea by washplus on august 2, 2010 aug 2, 2010 according to unicef, the geographic scope of the acute watery diarrhea awd outbreak has expanded to new areas with cases now reported in shakisso and adola woredas of guji zone in oromia region.
It occurs both as a short outbreak and protracted epidemicpandemic. An estimated 9,000 people from moyale remained displaced in kenya as of late march. In ethiopia, evidence is lacking about maternal caretaking and environmental risk factors that contribute to acute diarrhoea and the case management of diarrhoea. First observed in remote rural areas of the country in july this year, the disease has now spread to six regional states of the country according to the. Diarrhea can have a detrimental impact on childhood growth and cognitive development. Ethiopia would like to express its appreciation and gratitude to all those who are directly involved in or indirectly contributed to the preparation of this guideline. However, studies related to its determinants have been limited. Redoubling efforts to increase careseeking and improve quality of care for childhood diarrhea in both health facilities and at community level is an urgent. The outbreak of a disease termed as acute watery diarrhea awd has hit the ethiopian capital city of addis ababa. Humanitarian interventions in ethiopia responding to acute.
Acute diarrhea is defined as experience of three or more watery stools, with or without blood, in 24 hours period. About 88% of diarrheaassociated deaths are attributable to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene 5, 6. In ethiopia, morbidity and mortality due to diarrhea is significantly high. Pdf acute watery diarrhea awd is becoming a big problem in ethiopia. Majority of acute diarrhoeal diseases are selflimiting and do not require routine treatment. Infections with viruses or bacteria are the main causes of acute diarrhea, but other causes are possible. The most common causes of and risk factors for diarrhea. According to him, it is a new habit he developed after he saw his friend suffer from acute watery diarrhea awd. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with diarrhea among children younger than 5 years old in bahir dar city, northwest, ethiopia, 2016. The aim was to rapidly investigate the outbreak epidemiologically and guiding response activities in the affected districts of. On the african continent, diarrhea cause more child deaths than malaria, hivaids, and measles. In response, humanitarian organizations are prepositioning nutrition supplies and water, sanitation, and hygiene wash commodities in moyale. Risk factors and case management of acute diarrhoea in. Acute watery diarrhea awd is becoming a big problem in ethiopia.
Global diarrhea burden global water, sanitation and. The prevalence of diarrheal disease in under five children. Community engagement contributes to control of acute watery diarrhea in ethiopias somali region thursday august 3, 2017 after months of prevention and response activities by the government of ethiopia, the world health organization who and other partners, the acute watery diarrhea awd outbreak in somali region is showing signs of decline. In nigeria, cholera is endemic, with acute watery diarrhoea as the presenting. Who, readings on diarrhea, student manual who, geneva, 1992. Ethiopia map 06222016 pdf 789k in early june, government of ethiopia goe health authorities confirmed the first acute watery diarrhea cases in the capital city of addis ababa since january 2016. Patients with acute watery diarrhoea admitted to the kebridehar town treatment centre, somali region, ethiopia a massive outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea is sweeping through doolo zone, in ethiopias somali region, exacerbated by one of the worst droughts in 30 years. Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea and causes about 40% of hospitalizations for diarrhea in children under 5. Because most watery diarrhea is selflimited, testing is usually not indicated. Ehnri would like to thank, all the members of the acute watery diarrhea technical working group members from ehnri, regional. Acute watery diarrhea awd is an acute illness which has remained as one of the important public health problems in asia and africa causing substantial. Acute watery diarrhoea awd occurs both as a short outbreak i.
The disease is preventable and is characterized by the passage of loose or watery stools three or more times over a 24h period 6. Following the acute watery diarrhoea awd outbreak in more than 6 regions of ethiopia in august 2009, the federal ministry of health. The goe and relief actorsincluding usaid partnersare. Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing coun tries where an estimated five million deaths occur each year in children under 5 years of age. Why is the acute watery diarrhea in ethiopia attaining extended. Most deaths from diarrhoea occur among children less than 2 years of age living in south asia and sub. To identify determinants of acute bloody diarrhea among adult outpatient visits in bibugn district, northern ethiopia. Published studies conducted between 1994 and 2000 in ethiopia on the prevalence of underfive diarrhoea showed the variability. Nov 29, 2010 a total of 159 new cases of acute watery diarrhoea awd, with two deaths, were reported in oromia and snnpr between 1 and 14 november 2010. Jamel adem oromia government presidents office eng. Acute watery diarrhea awd is an acute illness which has remained as one of the important public health problems in asia and africa causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Seasonal rains have started in the south eastern parts of the country, bringing relief in term of access to water, but also threatening the spread of acute watery diarrhoea awd. Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of death among infants and young children, accounting for 18 % of mortality and % of all disabilityadjusted life years. Assessment of antibiotic utilization pattern in treatment.
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